Geoeconomic Leverage and Resource Exploitation in Global Supply Chains: The Case of Indonesian Sand Exports

Abstract

Indonesia has now reopened its sand exports after closing its exports for a long time, sand exports are carried out on sedimentation types. This research examines how Indonesia's sand exports can become Indonesia's political leverage at the global level. This research found that Indonesia has the opportunity to make sand exports a geoeconomic instrument, this is because there is a gap in the global sand market, where exporting countries reduce extraction and limit sand exports. This situation can then cause disruption in the global sand supply chain. Indonesia can take advantage of this situation through its sand exports, where Indonesian sand exports can help meet the needs of importing countries. This can help Indonesia to expand and strengthen its influence on sand importing countries.